Kar-Ann Toh ⊙
PhD, Senior
Member IEEE.
Email:
Personal Home Page
(Updated 8 May 2012)
Research Interests
·
Biometrics
o
Multimodal
biometrics fusion
Biometric is one of the most promising
means to prevail conventional security methods. The main reason being that
biometric gives authority directly to the user and not to indirect means such
as a token or a password. However, there remain many problems to be resolved
before biometric can really gain wide applications. For example, due to
inherent limitations as well as external sensing factors, no single biometric
method can warrant a hundred percent authentication accuracy as well as
universality of usage by itself without imposing strict conditions during
usage. Noting that these problems may be alleviated by combining multiple
biometric methods, we are thus motivated to seek effective means to combine
several biometrics to improve the situation.
o
Face and hand
biometrics
The face and the hand are among the most
conveniently accessible human body parts. This possibly explains the pervasive
usage of face and fingerprint in authentication applications, particularly
those related to personal identity and travel documents. Due to the large
intra-class variations which overlap much into the inter-class variations, as
well as the inherently large image size which leads to high dimensionality,
face recognition based on 2D images is considered to be among the most
challenging problems. Likewise, identity verification based on 2D fingerprint
images is also a challenging task even though the images could be acquired
under a much controlled environment. Our main focus in these themes will be on
deriving effective means for feature extraction.
o
Biometric
security
Apart from using a biometric for
authentication, the security of the biometric itself remains an issue. Under
this research theme, we will focus on revocable biometrics where a feature
template can be easily replaced when it is compromised.
·
Pattern Classification and Machine Learning
o
Pattern
classification
Pattern classification is a key component in many decision
processes spanning various fields of research in science and engineering.
Examples include biometric authentication, medical diagnosis, information
fusion and data mining. Apart from statistical means, learning from examples
constitutes a major paradigm in pattern classification. Under this paradigm, a
classifier minimizes a cost function and forms a map between the input feature
space and the output hypothesis space of possible functional attributes such as
pattern classes. In view of the nonlinearity incurred from the error counting
process thereby requiring an almost inevitable iterative search for an
optimized solution, we seek a deterministic approach in this work.
Recently, we have found that a zero-one counting step function in
the minimum classification error (MCE) problem can be effectively approximated
by a quadratic function, and this approximation together with a linear parametric
learning model give rise to a closed-form solution minimizing the MCE. The
approximation has also been extended to maximize the area under ROC for
biometrics fusion where, again, a closed-form solution can be obtained. (Ref:
PAMI-2008, PR-2008a,b)
o
Network learning
and optimization
As an universal approximator,
the artificial neural network becomes a natural choice in many black box
learning applications. For a feedforward network with
random hidden neurons, the above mentioned quadratic approximation holds well
for the zero-one loss objective used in training and can be well adapted with
good classification property. Moreover, through a dual formulation of the
solution, the learning can always be either determined or over-determined.
(Ref: NeuralComp-2008)
Professional
Activities
- Senior Member, IEEE.
- Editorial:
o Associate Editor, Pattern Recognition Letters, Elsevier (Since March 2011)
o Founding Editorial Board Member, IET Biometrics, IET (Launched in March 2012)
o Guest editors: Jiankun Hu, Vijayakumar Bhagavatula, Mohammed Bennamoun and Kar-Ann Toh, Special Issue on Biometric Security for Mobile Computing, Security and Communication Networks Journal, John Wiley, 2011.
o (Book editorial) Haizhou Li, Kar-Ann Toh, and Liyuan Li, Advanced Topics in Biometrics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2011.
- International Advisory Board
o The 5th IAPR/IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, Mar 30-Apr01, 2012, New Delhi, India, (ICB'12)
o International Joint Conference on Biometrics, October 2011, Washington DC, USA, (IJCB'11)
o IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications, November 2011, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (ICSIPA'11)
o IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications, November 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (ICSIPA'09)
- Chair/Co-chair/Organizer/Track-chair:
o Dong Sun, Yiguang Hong, Stan Li, and Kar-Ann Toh, Program Co-Chairs, The 12th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, December 2012, Shenzhen, China (ICARCV 2012) Call for Papers
o Andrew Teoh, Pong C. Yuen, Jiankun Hu, Jaihie Kim and Kar-Ann Toh, ICIEA Invited Session on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seventh International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 18-20 July 2012, Singapore (ICIEA 2012) Call for Papers
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair of Signal Processing, Seventh International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 18-20 July 2012, Singapore (ICIEA 2012) Call for Papers
o Andrew Teoh, Kwanghoon Sohn, Jiankun Hu, Arun Ross, and Kar-Ann Toh, ICIEA Invited Session on Biometrics and Pattern Recognition, 21-23 June 2011, Beijing, China (ICIEA 2011)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair of Signal Processing, Sixth International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 21-23 June 2011, Beijing, China (ICIEA 2011)
o Arun Ross, Kar-Ann Toh and Sudeep Sarkar, Program chairs, IEEE Fourth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2010), 27-29 September 2010, Washington DC, USA (BTAS 2010)
o
Kar-Ann Toh, Jiankun Hu and Andrew Teoh,
ICIEA Invited Session on Biometrics, 15-17 June 2010, Taichung, Taiwan (ICIEA
2010)
o
Kar-Ann Toh, Kwanghoon Sohn and Sangyoun Lee, Special Session on Vision, Recognition
and Biometrics, IEEE TENCON 2009, 23-26 November 2009, Singapore (TENCON 2009)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair of Signal Processing, Fifth International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 15-17 June 2010, Taichung, Taiwan (ICIEA 2010)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Andrew Teoh and Kwanghoon Sohn, ICIEA Invited Session on Pattern Analysis and Biometrics, 25-27 May 2009, Xian, China (ICIEA 2009)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair of Signal Processing, Fourth International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 25-27 May 2009, Xian, China (ICIEA 2009)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Technical Track Chair, The Tenth International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 17-20 December 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam (ICARCV 2008)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Zujun Hou and Andrew Teoh, ICIEA Invited Session on Pattern Analysis and Biometrics, 3-5 June 2008, Singapore (ICIEA 2008)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair of Signal Processing, Third International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications 3-5 June 2008, Singapore (ICIEA 2008)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Track Chair, IEEE International Conferences on Cybernetics & Intelligent Systems (CIS) and Robotics, Automation & Mechatronics (RAM), 3-6 June, 2008, Chengdu, China (CIS-RAM 2008) Call for papers
o Kar-Ann Toh, and Andrew B. J. Teoh, Chair/Vice Chair of ISATC Outreach Task Force 2007-2008, IEEE Computational Intelligence Society.
o Kar-Ann Toh, Sangyoun Lee, and Jaihie Kim, ICIEA Invited Session on Biometrics, Fusion and Pattern Recognition, 23-25 May, 2007, Harbin, China (ICIEA 2007)
o Kar-Ann Toh, Technical Track Chair, The Ninth International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 5-8 December 2006, Singapore (ICARCV 2006)
o Kar-Ann Toh and Ke Chen, ICIEA Invited Session on Pattern Analysis and Biometrics, 24-26 May, 2006, Singapore (ICIEA 2006)
o Ke Chen, Kar-Ann Toh and Peter Tino, Special Session on Natural Computation for Temporal Data Processing, 16-21, July 2006, Vancouver, Canada (WCCI06-IJCNN2006)
- Technical Program Committee:
o The
21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 11-15 November
2012, Tsukuba Science City, Japan (ICPR 2012)
o International
Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, 4-7 October 2012, Barcelona
Spain, (KDIR'112)
o
The IEEE Fifth International Conference on
Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2012),
23-27 September 2012, Washington DC, USA (BTAS 2012)
o The 5th IAPR/IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, Mar 30-Apr01, 2012, New Delhi, India, (ICB'12)
o The 6th International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, 10-13 July 2012, Leganes, Mandrid, Spain (MUE'12)
o International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, 26-29 October 2011, Paris France, (KDIR'11)
o First Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, 28-30 November 2011, Beijing, China (ACPR'11)
o International Joint Conference on Biometrics, 11-13 October 2011, Washington DC, USA, (IJCB'11)
o The 7th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC11), and the 8th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD11), ), 26-28 July 2011, Shanghai, China (ICNC11-FSKD11)
o The 8th edition of the SPIE Biometrics Technology for Human Identification, Part of program track on Defense, Homeland Security, and Law Enforcement , Orlando, FL, USA, 25-29 April 2011 (SPIE DS108)
o The 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 7-10 December 2010, Singapore (ICARCV 2010) Call for Papers
o International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, 25-28 October 2010, Valencia, Spain (KDIR 2010)
o The 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 23-26 August 2010, Istanbul, Turkey (ICPR 2010) Call for Papers
o IEEE International Conferences on Cybernetics & Intelligent Systems (CIS) and Robotics, Automation & Mechatronics (RAM), 7-9 June, 2010, Singapore (CIS-RAM 2010) Call for papers
o The 6th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC10), and the 7th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD10), ), 10-12 August 2010, Yantai, China (ICNC10-FSKD10) Call for papers
o The 7th edition of the SPIE Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII, Part of program track on Defense, Homeland Security, and Law Enforcement , Orlando, FL, USA, 05-06 April 2010 (SPIE DS108)
o Joint COST 2101 & 2102 International Conference on Biometric ID Management and Multimedia Communication, Madrid, Spain, 16-18 September 2009 (BioID_MultiComm09).
o IEEE TENCON 2009, 23-26 November 2009, Singapore (TENCON 2009)
o International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, 6-8 October 2009, Madeira, Portugal (KDIR 2009)
o The Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC09), and the Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD09), ), 14-16 August 2009, Tianjin, China (ICNC09-FSKD09) Call for papers
o The 6th edition of the SPIE Biometric Technology for Human Identification VI, Part of program track on Defense, Homeland Security, and Law Enforcement , Orlando, FL, USA, 13-17 April 2009 (SPIE DS108)
o 2009 IEEE Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Aerospace Applications, 30March-2April 2009, Nashville, TN, USA (IEEE CIAA 2009 in IEEE SSCI 2009)
o Intelligent Systems Applications TC 2008-2009, IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (IEEE ISATC).
o Intelligent Systems Applications TC 2007-2008, IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (IEEE ISATC).
o International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 28 November - 1 December 2007, Xiamen, China (ISPACS 2007) Call for Papers
o IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 25-28 September 2007, Singapore (CEC 2007) Call for papers
o The Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC07), and the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD07), ), 24-27 August 2007, Haikou, China (ICNC07-FSKD07) Call for papers
o IEEE International Conferences on Cybernetics & Intelligent Systems (CIS) and Robotics, Automation & Mechatronics (RAM), 7-9 June, 2006, Bangkok, Thailand (CIS-RAM 2006) Call for papers
o The Second International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC06), and the Third International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD06), ), 24-27 September 2006, Xi'an, China (ICNC06-FSKD06) Call for papers
o International Conference on Biometrics, 5-7 January 2006, Hong Kong (ICB 2006) Call for Papers
o The 5th International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, 20-22 July 2005, New York, USA (AVBPA 2005) Call for Papers
o The 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 13-16 December 2005, Singapore (CIRAS 2005) Call for Papers
o International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 13-16 December 2005, Hong Kong (ISPACS 2005) Call for Papers
o International Conference on Natural Computation, 27-29 August 2005, Changsha, Hunan, China (ICNC 2005) Call for Papers
o The 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, 22-25 November 2004, Calcutta, India (ICONIP 2004)
- Reviewer of international journals:
o IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
o IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security
o IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing
o IEEE Trans. on Image Processing
o
IEEE
Trans. on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
o
IEEE Trans. on
Knowledge and Data Engineering
o IEEE Trans. on Automation Science and Engineering
o IEEE Trans. on Audio, Speech and Language Processing
o IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Part I.
o
IEEE
Trans. on Circuits and Systems,
Part II.
o IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering.
o IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part B.
o IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C.
o IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics.
o IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering Magazine
o
IEEE Systems Journal
o Pattern Recognition Letters.
o Computer Vision and Image Understanding
o
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing.
o Neural Information Processing - Letters and Reviews.
o
International
Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology
o International Journal of Information Technology.
o
Journal of Network
and Computer Applications
o
Security and
Communication Networks Journal
o
The Journal
of Systems and Software
o
KSII
Transactions on Internet and Information Systems
· Reviewer of international conferences:
o
International
Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 14-19 June 2009, Atlanta, GA, USA (IJCNN 2009)
o International Conference on Biometrics, 2-5 June 2009, University of Sassari, Italy (ICB 2009)
o IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, 1-3 September 2008, Qingdao, China (IEEE-ICAL 2008)
o International Conference on Biometrics, 27-29 August 2007, Seoul, Korea (ICB 2007)
o
International
Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 12-17 August 2007, Orlando, Florida, USA (IJCNN 2007)
o
The
Second International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 23-25 May, 2007, Harbin, China (ICIEA
2007)
o International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC06), and the Third International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD06), ), 24-27 September 2006, Xi'an, China (ICNC06-FSKD06)
o
International Conferences on Cybernetics &
Intelligent Systems (CIS) and Robotics, Automation & Mechatronics (RAM),
7-9 June 2006, Bangkok, Thailand (CIS-RAM 2006)
o
First
International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 24-26 May, 2006, Singapore (ICIEA
2006)
o
International
Conference on Biometrics, 5-7 January 2006, Hong Kong (ICB2006)
o International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 13-16 December 2005, Singapore (CIRAS 2005)
o International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 13-16 December 2005, Hong Kong (ISPACS 2005)
o International workshop on multimedia signal processing, November 2005, Shanghai, China (MMSP 2005)
o International Conference on Natural Computation, 27-29 August 2005, Changsha, Hunan, China (ICNC 2005)
o International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, 20-22 July 2005, New York, USA (AVBPA 2005)
o
International
Conference on Biometric Authentication, 15-17 July 2004, Hong Kong (ICBA2004)
o International Conference on Neural Information Processing, 22-25 November 2004, Calcutta, India (ICONIP2004)
o International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 20-22 October 2004, Hong Kong (ISIMP2004)
o International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV2000, ICARCV'2002, ICARCV2004, ICARCV2006, and ICARCV 2008)
Seminars
/ Invited Lectures / Workshops / Talks
·
Linear and Advanced Classifier Design for Biometric Systems,
Biometric
School 2012 (Winter Edition), Permai Rainforest
Resort, Kuching, Malaysia, 9-13 January 2012.
·
Linear Methods for
Pattern Classification, Seminar, Franklin, level 11, Connexis South Tower, Fusionopolis, Singapore, 5
September 2011.
·
Deterministic Classifier Learning, Seminar, Department
of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong
Kong, 30 June 2011.
·
Deterministic Classifier Learning, Seminar, Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 30 June 2011.
·
Deterministic Classifier Learning, Seminar, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, China, 24 June 2011.
· Linear Methods for Classification, Seminar, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, China, 23 June 2011.
- A Fast Network for Pattern Classification, Seminar, LT14, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 20 Jan 2011.
- Training a Neural Classifier Without Iteration, Distinguished Invited Lecture, The Fifth International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, TaiChung, Taiwan, 15-17 June 2010.
- Fusion of Visual and Infrared Face Biometric Scores by Projection, BERC & KBA Workshop, Seoul, Korea, 10 December 2009.
- Deterministic Neural Classification, Seminar, Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore, 21 October 2009.
- Maximizing Area under the ROC Curve for Multimodal Biometrics Fusion, Executive Seminar Room (S2.2-B2-53), Nanyang Technological University, 21 July 2009.
- Deterministic Pattern Classification, Seminar, Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Xidian University, Xian, China, 29 May 2009.
- Multimodal Biometrics Fusion by AUC Maximization, The 12th Korean Workshop on Biometrics Technology, Korea Science & Technology Center, Seoul, Korea, 10 December 2008.
- Deterministic Pattern Classification, Seminar, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 06 August 2008.
- Deterministic Pattern Classification, Special Talk, The Third International Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Holiday Inn Atrium, Singapore, 03 June 2008.
- Deterministic Classification-Error Based Learning, Seminar, Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore, jointly organized by I2R and Singapore IEEE IE Chapter, 09 July 2007.
- Linear Methods for Pattern Classification, Pattern Recognition Workshop, KAIST Daejon, Korea, 31 Jan, 2007.
- Pattern Classification and Biometric Decisions Fusion, Keynote Speech, The First Korea-Japan Joint Workshop on Pattern Recognition, Jeju Island, Korea, 23-24 Nov 2006.
- Adaptive Biometrics, in The Fourth BERC Biometrics Workshop, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 16-17 Feb 2006.
- Multiple Biometrics And Decision Fusion, in Biometrics and Security Workshop held in conjunction with Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security, SCIS2004, Sendai, Japan, 28 Jan 2004.
- Biometric Technology: Some Recent Developments, in Biometrics Security Consortium, Tokyo, Japan, 30 Jan 2004.
Selected
Journal Publications
·
International Journals
Biometrics
and Applications
·
B.-S. Oh, K.-A. Toh,
K. Choi, Andrew B. J. Teoh, and J. Kim, Extraction and Fusion of Partial Face Features for Cancelable
Identity Verification, Pattern
Recognition, 2012 (to appear).
·
M.-H. Lim, Andrew B.J. Teoh
and K.-A. Toh, An Efficient Dynamic Reliability-Dependent Bit Allocation
for Biometric Discretization, Pattern Recognition, 2012 (to
appear).
· K. Choi, K.-A. Toh, H. Byun, Realtime Training on Mobile Devices for Face Recognition Applications, Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, no. 2, pp.386-400, 2011.
·
Y. Kim,
A. B. J. Teoh, and K.-A. Toh,
A performance Driven Methodology for Cancelable Face
Templates Generation, Pattern Recognition, vol.
43, no. 7, pp. 2544-2559, 2010.
·
S.-K.
Kim, Y. J. Park, K.-A. Toh, and S. Lee, SVM-based Feature Extraction for Face Recognition,
Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2871-2881, 2010.
· H.-L. Eng, K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau and J. Wang, DEWS: A Live Visual Surveillance System for Early Drowning Detection at Pool, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp.196-210, February 2008. (Regular)
·
C. Lee,
J.-Y. Choi, K.-A. Toh, S. Lee and J. Kim, Alignment-Free
Cancelable Fingerprint Templates Based on Local Minutiae Information,
IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, vol.
37, no. 4, pp.980-992, August, 2007 (Regular).
·
K.-A. Toh and
W.-Y. Yau, Fingerprint
and Speaker Verification Decisions Fusion Using A Functional Link Network,
IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, vol. 35,
no. 3, pp.357-370, August, 2005 (Regular).
· K.-A. Toh, X. Jiang and W.-Y. Yau, Exploiting Global and Local Decisions for Multimodal Biometrics Verification, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing (Supplement on Secure Media), vol. 52, no. 10, pp.3059-3072, October 2004 (Regular).
·
K.-A. Toh and
W.-Y. Yau, Combination
of Hyperbolic Functions for Multimodal Biometrics Data Fusion, IEEE
Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, vol.34, no.2,
pp.1196-1209, 2004 (Regular).
· K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau and X. Jiang, A Reduced Multivariate Polynomial Model For Multimodal Biometrics And Classifiers Fusion, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (Special Issue on Image- and Video-Based Biometrics), vol.14, no.2, pp.224-233, February 2004. (Letters)
Pattern
Classification, Neural and Machine Learning
·
Y. Kim, K.-A. Toh, Andrew B. J. Teoh, H.-L. Eng,
W.-Y. Yau, An Online AUC
Formulation for Binary Classification, Pattern
Recognition, vol. 45, no.6, pp.2266-2279, June 2012.
·
K.-A. Toh, J. Kim and S. Lee, Maximizing
Area Under ROC Curve for Biometric Scores Fusion, Pattern
Recognition, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 3373-3392, November 2008.
· K.-A. Toh, J. Kim and S. Lee, Biometric Scores Fusion Based on Total Error Rate Minimization, Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1066-1082, March, 2008.
· K.-A. Toh, Deterministic Neural Classification, Neural Computation, vol. 20, no. 6, pp.1565-1595, June 2008. (Letter)
· K.-A. Toh and H.-L. Eng, Between Classification-Error Approximation and Weighted Least-Squares Learning, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.30, no.4, pp.658-669, April 2008 (Regular).
· K.-A. Toh, Training a Reciprocal-Sigmoid Classifier by Feature Scaling-Space, Machine Learning, vol. 65, no.1, pp.273-308, October 2006. (MATLAB codes available in the paper)
·
Q.-L.
Tran, K.-A. Toh, D. Srinivasan,
K.-L. Wong and Q.-C. Low,, An
Empirical Comparison of Nine Pattern Classifiers, IEEE Trans. on
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, vol. 35, no.5, pp.1079-1091,
October 2005. (Correspondence)
· K.-A. Toh, Q.-L. Tran and D. Srinivasan, Benchmarking a Reduced Multivariate Polynomial Pattern Classifier, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 26, no. 6, pp.740-755, June 2004 (Regular). (MATLAB codes available in the paper)
Optimization
and Control
·
K.-A. Toh, Deterministic
Global Optimization for FNN Training, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man,
and Cybernetics, Part B, vol.33, no.6, pp. 977-983, 2003
(Correspondence).
· K.-A. Toh, Global Optimization by Monotonic Transformation, Computational Optimization and Applications, vol.23, no.1, pp.77-99, October 2002.
· K.-A. Toh and R. Devanathan, On Convexity and Quasiconvexity of an On-line Identification Formulation, International Journal of Control, vol. 74, no. 9, pp. 938-948, 2001.
· K.-A. Toh and R. Devanathan, Pattern-based Identification for Process Control applications, IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 641-648, 1996 (Brief).
· K.-A. Toh and R. Devanathan, An Autotuning Controller for 2x2 Interacting Processes, Control and Computers (A Journal of IASTED), vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 53-58, 1995.
· K.-A. Toh and R. Devanathan, An Expert Autotuner for Multiloop SISO Controllers, Control Engineering Practice (A Journal of IFAC), vol. 1, pp. 999-1008, December 1993.
·
Book Chapters/Edited Proceedings
· Kar-Ann Toh, and Andrew B. J. Teoh, Vascular Patterns, Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security (2nd ed.), Springer, ISBN 978-1-4419-5905-8, pp.1353-1356, 2011.
· Kar-Ann Toh, Chapter 15: Multimodal Biometrics: An Overview and Some Recent Developments, Advanced Topics in Biometrics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., pp.381-400, 2012.
·
J.-G. Wang, K.-A.
Toh, E. Sung and W.-Y. Yau ,
Chapter
28: A Feature-level Fusion of Appearance and Passive Depth Information for Face
Recognition, Face Recognition, Kresimir Delac and Mislav Grgic (Eds.), pp.537-558, I-Tech Education and Publishing,
Vienna, Austria, July 2007
· K.-A. Toh, Q.-L. Tran and D. Srinivasan, Chapter 1: Hyperbolic Function Networks for Pattern Classification, Trends in Neural Computation, Ke Chen and Lipo Wang (Eds.), pp.1-34, Springer, 2007
· K.-A. Toh, X. Jiang, and W.-Y. Yau, Relaxation of Hard Classification Targets for LSE Minimization, Fifth International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR), St. Augustine, Florida, USA, pp.187-202, November 2005 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3757).
· K.-A. Toh, Global Energy Minimization: A Transformation Approach, in Proceedings of Third International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR), pp. 391-406, Sophia-Antipolis, France: Springer, September 2001 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 2134).
· K.-A. Toh, J. Lu, and W.-Y. Yau, Global Feedforward Neural Network Learning for Classification and Regression, in Proceedings of Third International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR), pp. 407-422, Sophia-Antipolis, France: Springer, September 2001 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 2134).
Conference
Publications
·
Invited Papers
- K.-A. Toh, A Projection
Framework for Biometric Scores Fusion, The
11th Intl. Conf. on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV),
Singapore, December 2010.
- K.-A. Toh and B.-S. Oh, An
Image Edge Mask for Face Identity Verification, The 5th IEEE
Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Taichung,
Taiwan, June 2010.
- K.-A. Toh, Fusion of Visual
and Infrared Face Biometric Scores by Projection, IEEE TENCON,
Singapore, pp. 1-4, November 2009.
- B.-S. Oh, B.-G.
Choi, and K.-A. Toh,
Fusing Horizontal and Vertical Components of
Face Images for Identity Verification, The 4th IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Xi'an, China, pp.651-655,
May 2009.
- B.-G. Choi, Y. Kim,
and K.-A. Toh,
A Method to Combine Visual and Infrared Face
Image Verification Systems, The 10th Intl. Conf. on Control,
Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), Hanoi, Vietnam, pp.440-445,
December 2008.
- K.-A. Toh, Between AUC Based
and Error Rate Based Learning, The 3rd IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore, pp. 2116-2120,
June 2008.
- K.-A. Toh and A. B.-J. Teoh, Projection Learning Models, The 3rd IEEE Conference
on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore,
pp.2151-2155, June 2008.
- A. B.-J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, Secure
Biometric-Key Generation with Biometric Helper, The 3rd IEEE
Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore,
pp.2145-2150, June 2008.
- Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh,
Sparse Random Projection for Efficient
Cancelable Face Feature Extraction, The 3rd IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore, pp.2139-2144,
June 2008.
- S.-K.. Kim, K.-A. Toh,
and S. Lee SVM-based Discriminant Analysis
for Face Recognition, The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial
Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore, 2112-2115, June 2008.
- K.-A. Toh, Simple Power
Series for Pattern Classification, The 2nd IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Harbin, China,
pp.641-646, May, 2007.
- K.-A. Toh, Chulhan Lee, Jeung-Yoon Choi and Jaihie
Kim Performance Based Revocable Biometrics,
The 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications
(ICIEA), Harbin, China, pp.647-652, May, 2007.
- K.-A. Toh, Deterministic Network Learning Based on
Classification-Error Rate, Proceedings of the First Korea-Japan
Joint Workshop on Pattern Recognition, pp.25-34, Nov, 2006.
- K.-A. Toh, Learning
from Target Knowledge Approximation, Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics
and Applications (ICIEA), Singapore, pp.815-822, May, 2006.
- M. Ridzuan, K.-A. Toh,
and D. Srinivasan, A
Framework for Empirical Classifiers Comparison, Proceedings of the
1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA),
Singapore, pp.809-814, May, 2006.
- H.-L. Eng, K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau, and
T.-K. Chiew, Recognition
of Complex Human Behaviors in Pool Environment using Foreground Silhouette,
Int. Symp. Visual Computing (ISVC), Nevada, USA,
pp. 371-379, December, 2005 (LNCS 3804).
- W.-Y. Yau, K.-A. Toh,
and T.-P. Chen, Fingerprint Templates
Combination, The 5th Chinese Conference on Biometrics
Recognition, Guangzhou, China, pp. 449-460, December, 2004 (LNCS 3338).
- K.-A. Toh, Q.-L.
Tran and W.-Y. Yau, Some
Issues Pertaining to Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Authentication,
The 5th Chinese Conference on Biometrics Recognition,
Guangzhou, China, pp. 617-628, December, 2004 (LNCS 3338).
- K. -A. Toh and W.
Y. Yau, Some
Learning Issues in User-Specific Multimodal Biometrics, The Eighth
International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV),
Kunming, China, pp. 1268-1273, December 2004.
- K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau and X.
Jiang, Multiple Biometrics And Decision
Fusion, in Proceedings of the Biometrics and Security
Workshop held in conjunction with SCIS2004, the Symposium on Cryptography
and Information Security, Vol. I,
pp. 471-476, Sendai, Japan, January, 2004.
- K.-A. Toh and W.-Y.
Yau, Multi-Modal
Biometrics Fusion: Beyond Optimal Weighting, Proceedings of the
Seventh International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer
Vision, (ICARCV), pp. 788-792, Singapore, December, 2002.
·
International Conferences (only 1999 onwards are listed)
·
K. Oh and K.-A. Toh, Extracting Sclera Features
for Cancelable Identity Verification,
International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), New Delhi, India,
March29-April1, 2012.
·
B.-S Oh and K.-A. Toh, Fusion of Structured
Projections for Cancelable Face Identity Verification, International Joint Conference on Biometrics
(IJCB), Washington DC, USA, October, 2011.
·
U. Yang, M. Kang,
K.-A. Toh,
K. Sohn, An Illumination
Invariant Skin-Color Model for Face Detection, The
Fourth IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS),
Washington DC, USA, September, 2010.
·
B.-S Oh, K.-A. Toh, A.
B. J. Teoh, Direct
Extraction and Fusion of Image Pixel Features for Face Identity Verification,
The Fourth IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory,
Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington DC, USA, September, 2010.
·
Y. Kim, K.-A. Toh, A.
B. J. Teoh, An Online
Learning Algorithm for Biometric Scores Fusion, The Fourth IEEE
Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington
DC, USA, September, 2010.
·
K. Choi, K.-A. Toh and
H. Byun, A Random
Network Ensemble for Face Recognition, The 3rd IAPR/IEEE Int.
Conference on Biometrics, (ICB), Sardinia, Italy, pp. 92-101, 2-5 June 2009
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 5558)
·
M. Kang, B. Kim, K.-A. Toh and K. Sohn, Surrounding Adaptive Color Image Enhancement based on
CIECAM02, 2008 IEEE International Conference
on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp.1031-1036, October, 2008.
·
Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh, A Method to Enhance Face Biometric Security, The
First IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington
DC, USA, pp.1-6 (DOI: 10.1109/BTAS.2007.4401913),
September, 2007.
· S. W. Jung, Y. Kim, A. B. J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, Robust Identity Verification Based on Infrared Face Images, International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT), Gyeongju, Korea, pp. 2066-2071, November, 2007.
·
K.-A. Toh, Error-Rate Based
Biometrics Fusion, IAPR-IEEE Int. Conf. Biometrics Authentication,
(ICB), Seoul, Korea, pp. 191-200, August 2007 (Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, LNCS 4642)
·
Andrew B. J. Teoh, K.-A. Toh, and W. K. Yip, 2^N Discretisation of BioPhasor in
Cancellable Biometrics, IAPR-IEEE Int. Conf. Biometrics Authentication,
(ICB), Seoul, Korea, pp. 435-444, August 2007 (Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, LNCS 4642)
·
K.-A. Toh, Training a
Φ-Machine Classifier Using Feature Scaling-Space, Proceedings of
the 4th International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN),
Singapore, pp. 1334-1339, August, 2006.
·
K.-A. Toh and J. Kim, Training a
Full Polynomial for Face Recognition, Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications,
Mongolia, pp. 467-470, June, 2006.
·
K.-A. Toh, H.-L. Eng, Y.-S. Choo, Y.-L. Cha, W.-Y.
Yau, and K.-S. Low, Identity
Verification Through Palm Vein and Crease Texture, IAPR Int. Conf.
Biometrics Authentication (IAPR-ICB), Hong Kong, pp. 546-553, January 2006
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3832).
·
T.-K. Tan and C.-L. Ng, K.-A. Toh, H.-L. Eng, W.-Y. Yau, and D. Srinivasan, A Bimodal Palmprint Verification
System, Int. Conf. Biometrics Authentication (IAPR-ICB), Hong Kong,
pp.737-743, January 2006 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3832).
·
J.-G. Wang, K.-A. Toh and R. Venkateswarlu, Fusion of Appearance and Depth Information for Face
Recognition, Fifth International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based
Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), New York, USA, (Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, LNCS 3546). pp. 919-928, July 2005.
·
W.Y. Yau, S.L. Goh,
J. Li, K.A. Toh and D. Srinivisan,
Using Unified Orientation Model for Fingerprint
Classification, Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete and
·
Impulsive Systems Series B: Applications & Algorithms, Special Issue,
pp. 668-673, 2005.
·
K.-A. Toh, Personalized Learning
and Decision for Multimodal Biometrics, 2004 IEEE Conference on
Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS), Singapore, pp. 1111-1116, December
2004.
·
Q. L. Tran, K.-A. Toh and
D. Srinivasan, Adaptation
to Changes in Multimodal Biometric Authentication, 2004 IEEE Conference
on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS), Singapore, pp. 981-985, December
2004.
·
E. Lim, K.-A. Toh, P. N. Suganthan, X.
Jiang and W.-Y. Yau, Fingerprint
Image Quality Analysis, International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP),
Singapore, pp. 1241-1244, October, 2004.
·
K.-A. Toh, X. Jiang and
W.-Y. Yau, A Hyperbolic
Function Model for Multiple Biometrics Decision Fusion, Int. Conf.
Biometrics Authentication (ICBA), Hong Kong, pp. 655-662, July 2004 (Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3072).
·
K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau, E. Lim, L. Chen and C. H. Ng, Fusion of Auxiliary Information for Multi-modal Biometrics
Authentication, Int. Conf. Biometrics Authentication (ICBA), Hong Kong,
pp. 678-685, July 2004 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3072).
·
K.-A. Toh, Fingerprint
and Speaker Verification Decisions Fusion, International Conference
on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP), Mantova,
Italy, pp.626-631, September, 2003
·
H.-L. Eng, K.-A. Toh, Alvin H. Kam, J. Wang and W.-Y. Yau, An automatic drowning detection surveillance system for
challenging outdoor pool environments, The 9th International Conference
on Computer Vision (ICCV), France, vol. I, pp. 532-579, October, 2003.
·
K.-A. Toh, W. Xiong, W.-Y. Yau and X. Jiang, Combining Fingerprint and Hand-Geometry Verification
Decisions, in Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Audio-
and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), Guildford, United
Kingdom, pp. 688-696, June, 2003 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS
2688).
·
K.-A. Toh and K. Z.
Mao, A global transformation approach to RBF
neural network learning, in Proceedings of International Conference on
Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Quebec, Canada), vol. II, pp. 96-99, August 2002.
·
K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau, X. Jiang, T.-P. Chen, J. Lu, and E. Lim, Minutiae data synthesis for fingerprint identification
applications, in Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on
Image Processing (ICIP), vol.3, Greece, pp.262-265, October 2001.
·
K.-A. Toh, Fast
deterministic global optimization for FNN training, in Proceedings of IEEE International
Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Tokyo, Japan, pp. V413 - V418,
October 1999.